友好親近，和善共處?！坝选钡墓抛窒穹较蛳嗤膬芍皇?，引申為志趣相同，互為援手；“善”本義為美善、和善。兩字連用形容超越血緣的人與人之間親密和善的關(guān)系狀態(tài)。這種關(guān)系的建立是以彼此秉持共同的道義原則為前提的。時至今日，作為一種個人品質(zhì)和倫理規(guī)范，它仍然被認為是構(gòu)建和諧美好社會所必需的價值觀。

This term means to be friendly and kind to each other in peaceful co-existence. You (友) in its ancient ideographic form consists of two hands extending in the same direction, metaphorically indicating common interest and offering a helping hand to each other. Shan (善) means to be gracious and kind. When these two Chinese characters are used together as in the current term, they denote a close and harmonious relationship among people, a bond that transcends blood ties. This kind of bond is based on the principle of righteousness commonly upheld by all parties involved. To date, as a hallmark of good character and ethical conduct, friendliness is still deemed as an essential element in the value system for building a harmonious and ideal society.

引例 Citations：

◎友者，所以相有也。道不同，何以相有也？……取友善人，不可不慎，是德之基也。（《荀子·大略》）

朋友是用來互相幫助的。如果奉行的原則不同，靠什么來互相幫助呢？……選取朋友，共進于善，不可以不慎重，這是培養(yǎng)道德的基礎(chǔ)。

Friends are those who support each other if necessary. If they differ in principle, what can they depend on to help each other? ... Choosing friends should therefore be done with great care. That is the starting point for moral cultivation. (Xunzi)

◎君子先擇而后交，小人先交而后擇。（《文中子·魏相》）

君子是先選擇值得交往之人再去結(jié)交，一般人則是結(jié)交之后再選擇（對自己是否有利）。

A man of virtue selects a worthy individual first before making friends with him, whereas an ordinary man engages with people first before choosing those who would be beneficial to him. (Wenzhongzi)

推薦：教育部 國家語委

供稿：北京外國語大學(xué) 外語教學(xué)與研究出版社

責任編輯：錢耐安