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Poverty and Prosperity Are Influenced by the Times
窘困與顯達(dá)受時(shí)運(yùn)的影響。“窮達(dá)以時(shí)”的說法最早見于郭店楚墓竹簡(jiǎn)。在天命或天道賞善罰惡的觀念下，有德之人會(huì)受到獎(jiǎng)賞而顯達(dá)于世，背德之人會(huì)遭受懲罰而生活窘困?！案F達(dá)以時(shí)”一說則破除了“窮達(dá)”與德行之間的這種必然聯(lián)系，指出人們處于窘困還是顯達(dá)的境遇，會(huì)受到時(shí)運(yùn)的影響。同時(shí)，時(shí)運(yùn)的限制不應(yīng)影響人們對(duì)自身道德的修養(yǎng)，道德修養(yǎng)不以顯達(dá)為目的。
This concept is first found on the bamboo slips unearthed from a tomb of the State of Chu at Guodian Village, Hubei Province. According to the belief that the mandate of heaven or the way of heaven rewards the good and punishes the evil, virtuous individuals will be rewarded and become prosperous, while those who act immorally will be punished and live in poverty. The concept breaks the necessary connection between one's moral character and their state of poverty or prosperity, indicating that one's state of poverty or prosperity is influenced by their circumstances. At the same time, the limitations of circumstances should not affect a person's moral cultivation, as moral cultivation should not aim for prosperity.
引例 Citation：
◎窮達(dá)以時(shí)，德行一也。（郭店楚竹《窮達(dá)以時(shí)》）
窘困或顯達(dá)受時(shí)運(yùn)的影響，但德行始終如一。
In people's lives, being impoverished or prosperous is influenced by the circumstances of the times, but their moral character remains consistent. (Poverty and Prosperity Are Influenced by the Times, written on the bamboo slips unearthed from a tomb of the State of Chu at Guodian Village, Hubei Province)
推薦：教育部 國家語委
供稿：北京外國語大學(xué) 外語教學(xué)與研究出版社
責(zé)任編輯：錢耐安
