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Having Something to Depend on
有所依賴，與“無待”相對(duì)?！坝写钡挠^念出自《莊子》。莊子（前369？—前286）認(rèn)為，人和事物的存在無法脫離其所處的境遇，因而總會(huì)受到各種外在條件的限制和制約，也即是“有待”的。“有待”揭示了事物之間的相互關(guān)聯(lián)與依存關(guān)系。只有人的心靈能夠超越其所處的現(xiàn)實(shí)境遇，不為外物所束縛、牽累，才可達(dá)到一種自由、無礙的“無待”狀態(tài)。
As opposed to wudai (無待 having nothing to depend on), youdai (有待) literally means "having something to depend on." The concept comes from Zhuangzi. The author Zhuangzi (369?-286 BC) believed that both humans and things are never independent of their surroundings and thus are subject to external restrictions. In other words, they always "have something to depend on." In this sense, youdai reveals the interconnection and interdependence between all things that exist. Only when a person is able to detach himself from his surroundings and clear his mind of all external constraints and encumbrances can he attain the free and unhindered state of wudai.
引例 Citation：
◎罔兩問景（yǐnɡ）曰：“曩（nǎnɡ）子行，今子止；曩子坐，今子起；何其無特操與？”景曰：“吾有待而然者邪？吾所待又有待而然者邪？吾待蛇蚹蜩翼邪？惡（wū）識(shí)所以然！惡識(shí)所以不然！”（《莊子·齊物論》）
影子外的微陰問影子說：“剛才你移動(dòng)，現(xiàn)在你停止；剛才你坐著，現(xiàn)在你起身；你怎么沒有獨(dú)立的操守呢？”影子說：“我因?yàn)橛兴蕾嚩@個(gè)樣子嗎？我所依賴的東西又有所依賴而這個(gè)樣子嗎？我所以依賴的就像蛇依賴腹下的橫麟、蟬依賴于翅膀嗎？我怎么知道為什么會(huì)這樣！怎么知道為什么不會(huì)這樣！”
Penumbra asked Umbra, "You were moving a moment ago, and now you are still. You were sitting a moment ago, and now you stand up. Why don't you follow a constant code of conduct?" Umbra answered, "Is it because I have something to depend on? Is it because what I depend on still has something else to depend on? Is what I depend on to me what ventral scales are to a snake or what wings are to a cicada? How do I know what causes it to be so! How do I know what causes it not to be so!" (Zhuangzi)
推薦：教育部 國(guó)家語委
供稿：北京外國(guó)語大學(xué) 外語教學(xué)與研究出版社
責(zé)任編輯：錢耐安
