??
Learning from Others Enables One to Become a Sage
跟眾人學(xué)習(xí)，就可以成為圣人。這是清代史學(xué)家、思想家章學(xué)誠(1738—1801) 提出的求道成圣的方法。“圣人”是古人推崇的最高人格。圣人基于對天道、人心的把握，可以制定、規(guī)范人倫生活的秩序與法則，其所言所行成為人倫世界的至高典范。而圣人并非孤立于眾人而存在的，而是從眾人那里廣收博采，集其大成，從而超越眾人、引領(lǐng)眾人的。從根本上說，“圣人”與“眾人”構(gòu)成既對立又統(tǒng)一的兩個方面，而求道成圣的路徑就存在于這兩個方面的互動之中。故即便眾人未必有可學(xué)之處，但對圣人而言也是有鑒戒意義的。
A person can become a sage by learning from other people. That is the way to find the path that leads up to the level of a sage, according to Zhang Xuecheng (1738-1801), a historian and thinker in the Qing Dynasty. A "sage" is honored by the ancients as having a character that is virtuous to the highest degree. Due to his understanding of the natural law and human nature, a sage is able to design and regulate rules to keep people's moral life in order. His words and deeds set an ultimate example for morality in a society. However, a sage does not exist in isolation from ordinary people. Instead, he learns from them and draws the best from them, thus enabling himself to rise above them and guide them in the end. A "sage" and "ordinary people" are fundamentally two sides that are opposite yet connected, whose interactions pave the way for pursuing the goal of becoming a sage. Therefore, even though people around him may not offer a lot for him to learn, they are nevertheless a learning resource for a sage.
引例 Citation：
◎?qū)W于圣人，斯為賢人；學(xué)于賢人，斯為君子；學(xué)于眾人，斯為圣人。（章學(xué)誠《文史通義·原道上》）
向圣人學(xué)習(xí)，則能成為賢人；向賢人學(xué)習(xí)，則能成為君子；向眾人學(xué)習(xí)，則能成為圣人。
By learning from a sage, one can become a virtuous person; by learning from a virtuous person, one can become a man of virtue; by learning from people, one can develop into a sage. (Zhang Xuecheng: General Principles of History)
推薦：教育部 國家語委
供稿：北京外國語大學(xué) 外語教學(xué)與研究出版社
責(zé)任編輯：錢耐安
