愛(ài)自己的同類(lèi)，愛(ài)人類(lèi)。中國(guó)古人認(rèn)為，愛(ài)同類(lèi)是有知覺(jué)或有靈性的動(dòng)物的基本屬性，作為萬(wàn)物靈長(zhǎng)的人類(lèi)亦然。人的愛(ài)心，首先表現(xiàn)在愛(ài)自己的同類(lèi)上，生而為人，如果愛(ài)其他事物而不愛(ài)人類(lèi)，就不能叫有愛(ài)心。也即是說(shuō)，人是人類(lèi)愛(ài)的第一對(duì)象，愛(ài)人類(lèi)是人類(lèi)愛(ài)的第一本質(zhì)，也是人愛(ài)其他事物的精神原點(diǎn)。人之為人的基本規(guī)定性亦在于此。

The ancient Chinese considered loving others of one's own kind to be part of the fundamental nature of animals with consciousness and intelligence, and this was particularly true of humans, the most advanced of all creatures. Human love is first of all manifested in love for one's own kind. If a human loves other beings but not his or her fellow humans, that is not true love. Thus, human love first of all reaches other human beings, and love for humans is the fundamental nature of human love and also the origin of love for other creatures. So to love other human beings is a defining attribute of human beings.

引例 Citations：

◎仁于他物，不仁于人，不得為仁；不仁于他物，獨(dú)仁于人，猶若為仁。仁也者，仁乎其類(lèi)者也。故仁人之于民也，可以便之，無(wú)不行也。（《呂氏春秋·愛(ài)類(lèi)》）

對(duì)其他物類(lèi)仁愛(ài)，對(duì)人卻不仁愛(ài)，不能算有仁愛(ài)；對(duì)其他物類(lèi)不仁愛(ài)，只對(duì)人仁愛(ài)，仍算有仁愛(ài)。所謂仁愛(ài)，是對(duì)自己的同類(lèi)仁愛(ài)。所以，有仁德的治國(guó)者，只要是對(duì)百姓有利的事情，全都去做。

If he loves other things but not his fellow human beings, he is not a man with true love. If he loves human beings but not other things, he is still a man with true love. The love we talk about is love for one's own kind. Therefore, a ruler with love who governs a country will do all the things beneficial to the people. (Master Lyu's Spring and Autumn Annals)

◎遍知萬(wàn)物而不知人道，不可謂智；遍愛(ài)群生而不愛(ài)人類(lèi)，不可謂仁。仁者愛(ài)其類(lèi)也，智者不可惑也。（《淮南子·主術(shù)訓(xùn)》）

遍識(shí)天下萬(wàn)物卻不懂世態(tài)人情，不能稱(chēng)有智慧；遍愛(ài)天下生物卻不愛(ài)人類(lèi)，不能稱(chēng)有仁愛(ài)。所謂有仁愛(ài)，就是愛(ài)自己的同類(lèi)；所謂有智慧，就是遇事不會(huì)疑惑。

If he knows everything in the world, but not human feelings, he is not regarded as an intelligent man. If he loves all the living things in the world but not human beings, he is not regarded as a man with true love. The love that we talk about is to love one's own kind; the intelligence that we have in mind is the ability to see things for what they are. (Huainanzi)

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供稿：北京外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué) 外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究出版社

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