五種人與人的關(guān)系及其規(guī)范，亦稱“人倫”。中國古人認(rèn)為，父子、君臣、夫婦、長幼（兄弟姐妹）、朋友這五種關(guān)系是最基本的人與人之間的關(guān)系，每種關(guān)系須遵循相應(yīng)的規(guī)范，如“父子有親，君臣有義，夫婦有別，長幼有序，朋友有信”，處理好這五種關(guān)系是治理好國家社會的基礎(chǔ)。它體現(xiàn)了中國人以人為本、注重秩序的精神。

Also known as the five human relationships, these refer to the relationships between father and son, between monarch and minister, between husband and wife, between siblings, and between friends. Ancient Chinese people believed that these were the most basic relationships between people. Each relationship had to follow the corresponding norms. Namely, between father and son, there should be affection; between sovereign and minister, righteousness; between husband and wife, attention to their separate roles; between siblings, a proper order; and between friends, honor and trust. It was held that balancing these five relationships was the basis for governing the country and society, and that they showed Chinese culture as people-orientated, with an emphasis on good order.

引例 Citations：

◎人之有道也，飽食、暖衣、逸居而無教，則近于禽獸。圣人有憂之，使契（xiè）為司徒，教以人倫：父子有親，君臣有義，夫婦有別，長幼有序，朋友有信。（《孟子·滕文公上》）

人之所以為人，吃得飽，穿得暖，住得安逸，如果沒有教養(yǎng)，那就和禽獸差不多了。圣人為此而擔(dān)憂，派契做司徒，教育百姓分辨不同的人與人之間的關(guān)系，遵循相應(yīng)的規(guī)范：父子之間有骨肉之親，君臣之間有公正之道，夫妻之間有內(nèi)外之別，老少之間有尊卑之序，朋友之間有誠信之德。

People possess a moral nature. If they are well fed, warmly clad, and comfortably lodged, yet left untaught, they would be no better than beasts. Such was the concern of the sage Shun that he appointed Xie to be the minister of instruction, to teach interpersonal relationships and the corresponding norms: between father and son, there should be affection; between sovereign and minister, righteousness; between husband and wife, attention to their separate roles; between old and young, a proper order; and between friends, honor and trust. (Mencius)

◎自虞廷立五倫為教，然后天下有大經(jīng)。（王永彬《圍爐夜話》）

自從虞舜朝廷確立“五倫”為教化的內(nèi)容，天下才有了可以遵循的基本法則。

Only since Emperor Shun taught the five interpersonal relationships, have there been basic norms to follow throughout the land. (Wang Yongbin: Night Talks Round the Hearth)

推薦：教育部 國家語委

供稿：北京外國語大學(xué) 外語教學(xué)與研究出版社

責(zé)任編輯：錢耐安