志氣相投而能相互補(bǔ)益的人。它是非親族的人之間所建立的親密的社會(huì)關(guān)系，屬于儒家認(rèn)為的“五倫”之一。“朋”本義是上古貨幣單位，如同兩串系在一起的貝（或玉），引申為“同門”，指一師之徒，即在一起相互切磋砥礪、探究學(xué)問和道義的人；“友”的古字形似方向相同的兩只手，引申為“同志”，即志趣、志向相同的人。這種關(guān)系的建立和維系，對(duì)于超越血緣關(guān)系的社會(huì)構(gòu)建及人格養(yǎng)成至關(guān)重要。為此，中國人歷來崇尚以道義為其根本原則，而以誠信為其基本規(guī)范。人與人如此，國與國亦如此。

Pengyou are people who are not kin but share the same aspirations and sentiments and can help each other. Representing a close social relationship between these people, friendship is one of the "five relationships" among humans defined by Confucianism, namely, relationships between father and son, sovereign and subject, husband and wife, elder brother and younger brother, and between friends. Peng originally was an ancient monetary unit resembling two bunches of shells or jade stringed together. It was extended to mean disciples who follow the same teacher, namely, people who study together to improve each other's knowledge and moral behaviors. An ancient ideographic form of the character you was two hands reaching in the same direction, which means comrades sharing the same interests and goals. The creation and fostering of this relationship is crucial to forming the society beyond blood ties, and to forming one's character as well. For this reason, Chinese have always revered moral standards as their fundamental principle and integrity as the basic norm governing their relationships. This applies to both relationships between people and relations among countries.

引例 Citations：

◎君子以朋友講習(xí)。（《周易·象下》）

君子和朋友一道講求學(xué)問、研習(xí)道義。

A man of virtue joins his friends in pursuing knowledge and studying Dao. (The Book of Changes)

◎父子有親，君臣有義，夫婦有別，長幼有序，朋友有信。（《孟子·滕文公上》）

父子之間有骨肉之親，君臣之間有公正之道，夫妻之間有內(nèi)外之別，老少之間有尊卑之序，朋友之間有誠信之德。

Between father and son, there should be affection; between sovereign and minister, righteousness; between husband and wife, attention to their separate roles; between old and young, a proper order; and between friends, honor and trust. (Mencius)

◎《禮記》曰：“同門曰朋，同志曰友?！迸笥阎唬鼊t謗其言，遠(yuǎn)則不相訕。一人有善，其心好之；一人有惡，其心痛之。貨則通而不計(jì)，共憂患而相救。（《白虎通義·三綱六紀(jì)》）

《禮記》上說：“共同研習(xí)的人稱為‘朋’，志趣相投的人稱為‘友’。”朋友相處，關(guān)系近的話，就相互問難毫不留情；關(guān)系遠(yuǎn)的話，就留一些情面。一人有善言善行，大家由衷感到喜愛；一人有惡言惡行，大家由衷感到痛惜。錢財(cái)通用而不斤斤計(jì)較，共同承擔(dān)憂患而互相救助。

It is said in The Book of Rites, "People who study together are called friends, so are those who share similar interests and aspirations." If friends are close, they ask each other tough questions. If they are not so close, they ask each other questions in a soft way. If one is decent in what he says or does, he will be loved. If one is ill-intentioned in what he says or does, he will be deplored. Friends share wealth without haggling over how it should be distributed, and they come to each other's aid in time of adversity. (Debates of the White Tiger Hall)

推薦：教育部 國家語委

供稿：北京外國語大學(xué) 外語教學(xué)與研究出版社

責(zé)任編輯：劉懌莎